A novel thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold fabrication method based on injection foaming with water and supercritical carbon dioxide as coblowing agents

Injection foaming is an method for mass producing lightweight, foamed plastic components with excellent dimensional stability while using less material and energy. In this study, a novel injection foaming method employing supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) and water as coblowing agents was developed to produce thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) components with a uniform porous structure and no solid skin. Various characterization techniques were employed to investigate the cell morphology, crystallization behavior, and static and dynamic mechanical properties of solid injection molded samples, foamed samples using CO₂ or water as a single blowing agent, and foamed samples using both CO₂ and water as coblowing agents. When compared with CO₂ foamed samples, samples produced by the coblowing method exhibited much more uniform cell morphologies without a noticeable reduction in mechanical properties. Moreover, these TPU samples had almost no skin layer, which permitted the free transport of nutrients and waste throughout the samples. Such a mass‐produced, skin‐free structure is desirable in tissue engineering. In this study, the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was confirmed and the effect of these blowing agents on the TPU foaming behavior was studied. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2947–2957, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

超滤离心在双水相萃取大肠杆菌谷氨酸脱羧酶中的应用

建立聚乙二醇(PEG)/磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)双水相体系,通过对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli AS1.505)细胞进行超声波破碎制得谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamate decarboxylase,GAD)酶液,并利用双水相萃取对GAD进行分离纯化,然后,采用超滤离心对双水相上相中的GAD与PEG进行分离并分别回收。实验结果表明,大部分GAD分配于上相,其纯化倍数为55.60,酶活率为97.78%。通过响应面分析,对超滤离心工艺参数进行优化,确定了超滤离心转速为10 000 r/min,离心时间为20 min,混合液的稀释倍数为5倍,此条件下GAD的回收率为81.52%,PEG的回收率为84.41%。     

化工行业中废硫酸处理方法概述

主要介绍了近年来国内外对废硫酸的净化处理方法及废硫酸的回收再利用的现状,并简要分析了应用微流体技术处理废硫酸的可行性。     

煤气化废水吹脱法脱氨静态试验研究

文章以陕西渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司合成氨项目煤气化废水为试验水样,针对废水高氨氮、高硬度和较难处理的特点,采用吹脱法进行了静态吹脱法脱氨试验研究。在考虑企业对运行成本的实际承受能力的前提下,确定了废水治理的试验方案及经济合理的试验参数,试验结论可为氨氮废水的动态试验设计提供重要参考依据,同时对于解决煤化工行业高氨氮废水的污染治理问题具有重要的指导意义。     

常减压蒸馏装置换热网络的最优化

文章通过对某常减压装置的换热网络设计时的分析,提出最佳的网络优化方案。运用流程模拟软件在保证各侧线产品质量和收率的情况,通过对塔取热比例的优化,以尽可能提高换热终温;同时在不影响装置换热终温的前提下,尽可能的产生1.0 MPa蒸汽,大幅降低其他冷公用工程消耗,从而显著的降低装置的能耗。     

不同电极电动修复铜镉复合污染土壤的研究

针对铜镉污染土壤问题,研究了不同电极材料对电动修复土壤效果的影响。采用不锈钢、石墨板、钛板、钛网四种不同电极对土壤进行修复。结果显示,石墨板电极对2种重金属的总去除率较好,Cu为40.34%,Cd为95.21%,且Cd的去除率明显高于Cu。另外,不同电极材料对修复过程中电流和处理后重金属形态分布的影响不大,其中石墨板电极电流稳定时的值为42mA,高于其他三种电极。     

环氧树脂废水资源化处理技术研究

环氧树脂废水的盐分和有机物浓度很高,无法采用常规方法进行有效处理。采用催化湿式过氧化物氧化法(CWPO)处理环氧树脂废水,考察了氧化剂(H2O2)和催化剂(Fe2+)投加量及投加方式、pH、反应温度和时间等对环氧树脂废水TOC去除效果的影响。结果表明,CWPO处理环氧树脂废水的适宜工艺条件为H2O275 mL/L、FeSO4·7H2O 6.5 g/L、pH=3.0、温度90℃、反应时间200 min。在氧化剂和催化剂总投加量相同的条件下,两者分多次投加时的TOC去除效果明显优于一次性投加。优化条件下进行中试发现,TOC为2 500~2 700 mg/L的环氧树脂废水经CWPO工艺处理后,出水TOC稳定在150 mg/L左右,可作为生产氯气和烧碱的原料。     

细粒煤浮选磁选联合脱灰脱铁试验研究

为获得满足工业硅生产所需的低灰低铁烟煤,以云南省某煤矿细粒煤泥为试验对象进行磁选、浮选单独脱铁脱灰试验研究,获得最佳磁选、浮选条件,并在此基础上进行浮选磁选联合脱灰脱铁试验。结果表明：磁场强度为1.701 T、煤泥粒度为-0.25 mm时,煤泥磁选、浮选效果较好,可获得相对较高的脱铁率和脱灰率。通过对比先浮选后磁选及先磁选后浮选2种试验流程及分选效果,最终选用先浮选后磁选试验流程,该流程中浮选精煤只需简单调浆即可直接用于磁选,省去了一次过滤,经济效益显著。控制精煤产率在62.08%时,能获得灰分5.94%、铁含量0.28%的合格精煤,达到了工业硅冶炼用烟煤灰分〈6%、铁含量〈0.3%的要求。     

提高氯化钾聚合物钻井液体系携岩性的对策

随着南海东部地区海上石油勘探开发的深入,大斜度大位移井在钻井作业中越来越多,这就要求钻井液具有较好的携岩能力。通过在南海东部地区原使用的氯化钾聚合物体系的基础上引入FLO TROL,利用FLO TROL和生物聚合物的协同作用,提高了该钻井液体系的流变性能,做到了低粘高切,大大改善了该体系在大斜度大位移井的携岩能力,保证了井眼清洁,很好的满足了现场的钻井作业。     

Insight into the intraparticle diffusion of residue oil components in catalysts during hydrodesulfurization reaction

Well‐defined and uniform pore structure catalysts were used to study the intraparticle diffusion of fractionated Saudi vacuum residue under hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction conditions. HDS rates of residue oil cuts with different molecular weights are determined as functions of pore size, temperature, and pressure in a trickle‐bed reactor. Credible intrinsic and bulk diffusivities of organosulfur compounds in residue oil were obtained for the first time, from the apparent and intrinsic reaction kinetic constants. Intrinsic diffusivities ranged from 2 × 10^?7 to 8 × 10^?7 cm²/s for the residual oil molecules; diffusivity decreases with increasing molecular weight of the residual oil. The intrinsic diffusivity for molecular weights ～1000 Daltons increases with pore size for pores <70 nm, but is nearly independent of pore size for pores >70 nm. The diffusivity dependences on pore size and molecular weight suggest that the onset of restricted diffusion occurs for ratios of molecular diameter to pore diameter of ～0.04. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3267–3275, 2014